Psychodynamic Approaches Comparison Essay - 856 Words

Maila Travaini August 25, 2013 Psychodynamic Approaches Comparison Essay In the counseling world today understanding psychodynamic approaches is more crucial than ever in the assessment and treatment of any psychological issue. Psychodynamic approaches such as Individual therapy, analytical therapy and psychoanalysis are similar in many ways but also differ based on the individuals own perception and circumstances. I will discuss the similarities as well difference’s and why these forms of therapy are critical in the assessment and treatment of clients. Individual therapy is what most think of as laying on a couch and talking to a counselor as they doodle pictures and let the client come to their own conclusions. In a way this†¦show more content†¦Such a dialogue, said Jung, would foster the â€Å"mutual commitment and care that occurs between healer and the healed† as the client explores unknown parts of self in his or her attempt to heal the soul.† Analytical therapy uses techniques that allow the client to make leaps towards self-actualization and recognition of occurrences that cause setback’s in the clients life.† Psychoanalysis created by Sigmund Freud is much like Individual therapy in the sense that it will explore the past and how any past circumstances are effecting the now adult. This therapy will last as long as the client needs the support of the counselor and relies on the client’s full participation. In this form of therapy the counselor will participate in guiding the client thru the unconscious mind to and find how it may be contributing to thoughts and behaviors that are causing the client distress. Like analytical therapy psychoanalysis will cover a variety of issues including psychosexual, compulsive, and depressive disorders. According to Haggerty, J. (2006) â€Å"The essence of Freud’s theory is that sexual and aggressive energies originating in the id (or unconscious) are modulated by the ego, which is a set of functions that moderates between the id and external reality. Defense mechanisms are constructions of the ego that operate to minimize pain and to maint ain psychic equilibrium. The superego, formed during latency (between age 5 and puberty), operates to control id drivesShow MoreRelatedThe Theoretical Approaches Of Psychology1651 Words   |  7 Pagesand animals. There are various approaches in modern psychology. A theoretical approach is a perspective which is someone’s view about human behaviour, there can be many different theories within an approach, however they all piece together the same assumptions. (McLeod, 2007). A theory is an attempt by theorists to try to explain behaviour. Theories are not facts but can be verified by testing. Theories can then be evaluated which I aim to achieve through this essay, where I will briefly explain theRead MoreHow Do Psychologist Examine Behavior and Mental Processes?1450 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This essay will examine and compare the different ways in which psychologists examine behaviour and mental processes and will make reference to cognition, behaviourism, psychodynamics and neuroscience. According to Gerrig and Zimbardo (2002) behaviour can be described as â€Å"the actions by which an organism adjusts to its environment† and behaviour is said to involve mostly the frontal lobes more than the hypothalamus and is influenced greatly by external stimuli. Examples of behaviourRead Moreâ€Å"the Relationship Between Counsellor and Client Is the Most Influential Factor in Whether Counselling ‘Works’†. Critically Discuss This Statement from the Perspective of at Least Three Approaches to Counselling.2074 Words   |  9 Pagesself-disclose more easily, and this confidentiality in turn creates and provides an atmosphere of trust which has been described as an aspect of an intimate relationship (Monsour, 1992). This essay will focus on the relationshi p process in different counselling approaches; namely Existential counselling, Psychodynamic counselling and Person-Centred counselling. It will aim to understand the process and therapeutic approach used in counselling and how the relationship between client-counsellor evolves andRead MoreCritical Analysis of Three Psychotherapy Approaches: Client-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Therapy, and Psychodynamic Therapy1812 Words   |  8 PagesCritical Analysis of Three Psychotherapy Approaches: Client-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Therapy, and Psychodynamic Therapy Midterm SWG 598 Bridge I Introduction As social workers, it is our responsibility to use the most effective method of practice to engage our clients, assess their situation, and help them create goals that will produce positive outcomes. Every client will present a unique set of challenges; therefore, the social worker must be careful in choosing an approach thatRead MoreMasculinity And Masculinity : A Patriarchal Society1516 Words   |  7 Pagessystem) and inheritance (genetic factor) (McLeod, 2014). On contrast, psychodynamic paradigm primarily focused on conscious and unconscious stimuli within the individual and psychosexual development with an emphasis on early childhood experiences, like the main factor of gender formation (Brannon, 2016). In this essay, biological psychological approach to the formation of an individual’s gender role identity compared with the psychodynamic approach. Biological psychology signified the importance of hormonalRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Main Principles in Any Two of the Followingpsychological Therapies: Psychoanalysis, Behavior Therapy, Cognitive Therapy or Humanistic Therapy1584 Words   |  7 Pagestreatment from restraints in asylums to m (Davey, 2011)edicine pills and later on to psychological therapies (Schou, 1992). This essay will focus on psychoanalysis and cognitive therapies by first explaining the main principles and then followed by a detailed comparison in between the two. The latter would include both advantages and drawbacks of these methods. Lastly this essay would include an evaluation of the argument shortly followed by a conclusion. Cognitive therapy is a collaborative approachRead MoreEssay about introduction to Psychodynamic Therapies4081 Words   |  17 Pagesintroductory work to Psychodynamic Approaches. It aims to develop some understanding of the dynamics of the object relations, by presenting elements of both Klein and Winnicot’s approaches. Considering the size and the complexity of the subject, this essay should be considered as a summary of the summary. Every theory is born from assumptions and these assumptions became core principles of that theory. I therefore found it useful to explain the core assumptions of Psychodynamic/Psychoanalytic TheoriesRead Morecompare and contrast three core theories of counselling2615 Words   |  11 Pagesfeelings of inner conflict or improving relationships with others’ (BACP Ethical Framework). Throughout this essay I will illustrate the similarities and differences between the three core theories by looking at the theory behind each concept, the nature of the client/counsellor relationship and the techniques used. The three core theories to be considered here are Humanistic, Psychodynamic and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. Firstly I will begin by looking at the theory behind each of the main conceptsRead MoreFunctionalism And Its Impact On Education1825 Words   |  8 Pagesdiscipline divided into many approaches, each attempting to explain human behavior through different methods and theories. Psychodynamics, Behaviorism, Cognitivism and Biologicals are four perspectives within psychology that have had great influence in their application throughout society. This essay will give an explanation of the approaches of human behavior. It will also focuses on how each approach has been applied and that therapy are used to help people. The Psychodynamic Approach was developedRead MoreThe Psychodynamic Approach Of Psychology Essay1895 Words   |  8 PagesThe psychodynamic approach includes all the theories in psychology that see human functioning based upon the interaction of drives and forces within the person, particularly unconscious and between the different structures of the personality. Freud (writing between the 1890s and the 1930s) developed a collection of theories which have formed the basis of the psychodynamic approach to psychology. His theories are clinically derived for example whatever his patients told him during the therapy he would

One of the widespread and shocking causes of injustices today is racism Free Essays

In our modern times, the word racism shouldn’t even exist. We should know better than to superficially discriminate against a person because of their race. However, the matter of the fact is that racism does exist and it is a prevalent part of our society. We will write a custom essay sample on One of the widespread and shocking causes of injustices today is racism or any similar topic only for you Order Now In your life time more than half of you are likely to be subject to racial abuse. Even at school racial stereotypes are candidly thrown about but at some point someone will be hurt by it. In Twelve Angry men the initial unanimous vote bar juror 8, in favour of condemning the boy was based solely on the presumptions made from incomplete facts and presumptions about the boy’s personality due to the stereotypes associated with the boy’s South American heritage. Juror #10 is openly bitter and prejudiced. He believes that anyone coming from a poor neighbourhood is less than human. We can see right from the start that the verdict that the defendant is undoubtedly ‘guilty’ is locked in his mind simply because he has a personal grudge against people like the defendant and he separates himself from their culture by using ‘us’ and ‘them’. He believes that their all alike and he knows all about them and how their no good. When he unleashes his bigotry to the others in a speech, the rest of the disturbed jury turn their backs on him disgusted by his outright racism. Today, one in 4 African-American men between the ages of 20 and 29 are imprisoned, on parole, or under the control of the U. S. criminal justice system in some way – which is more than there are in college. For Latinos, the figure is 1 in 10. For ‘whites’, the number is 1 in 16. A recent study has found that 85% of all black American males will be arrested at least once in their lifetimes. The race of the victim has an impact on sentencing as well. In Dallas, the rape of a white woman results in an average sentence of 10 years, while the rape of a Latino woman gets 5 years and the rape of a black woman gets 2 years. Nationally, murderers with white victims are up to 4. 3 times more likely to be sentenced to death than murderers with black victims. So you might say, that’s America, we don’t need to worry about racism down under. WRONG!! Late 2004, late one night Mulrunji Doomadgee, a 36 year old local of Palm Island of the coast of QLD was arrested for being drunk and died an hour late in a police cell. He suffered massive internal injuries, including a ruptured spleen, four broken ribs and a ‘liver that had been ‘almost cleaved in two’ from a huge compressive force. ‘ The officer who arrested him, Senior Sergeant Chris Hurley, claimed that Mulrunji had fallen on stairs. A pathologist’s report claimed that the death of was an ‘accident’. Due to this obvious injustice Lex Wotton another Aboriginal man and others set fire to the local police station, court house and police barracks in revolt. A coroner’s inquest found that Senior Sergeant Chris Hurley was responsible for Mulrunji’s death, as the injuries were consistent with a beating. However, a court found Hurley not guilty for manslaughter. He has since been promoted and is an Inspector on the Gold Coast. In comparison Lex Wotton is now facing a life sentence in prison after an all white jury found him guilty of ‘rioting with destruction’. Athough is an extreme example and all cases aren’t as excessive, racism is still prevalent in our society. How to cite One of the widespread and shocking causes of injustices today is racism, Papers

Seamus Heaneys When all the Others and Robert Haydens Those Winter Sundays Essay Example For Students

Seamus Heaneys When all the Others and Robert Haydens Those Winter Sundays Essay I found the work on these poems quite interesting, as the topic they covered, child/parent relationships is something we can all relate to as it is something we all have, or wish we have. I have never read any poem by either of these two poets, even though Seamus Heaney is quite a well known local poet. Both of these poems are quite memorable and well written. Both poems have a lot of feeling and both seem to seem like they are based on the poets true feelings towards the parent he was writing about in the poem. Seamus Heaney is a local poet, born in 1939 on a small farm in County Derry. At the age of twelve he was awarded a scholarship to St. Columbs College in Derry. He went on to Queens University. The first verses he wrote was when he was a young teacher. Years later in 1995, he won the Nobel Prize in Literature and in 1996, he was made a Commandeur de LOrdre des Arts et Lettres by the French Ministry of Culture. When all the Others is a poem written by Seamus Heaney about a memory of his mother that he found special and still remembers to this day. The poem is titled When all the Others as it is the beginning of the poem. The poem is laid out as a Sonnet and in the octave the memory is told, and in the sestet the theme is developed and the poem jumps forward to the death of his mother. The octave and sestet are connected closely as in the octave we learn of a memory he had where he felt close to his mother and in the sestet we learn that had been the closest to his mother he had been and I believe that by writing of her death, he is telling us how special he finds that memory, even though it is so simple it can be written in eight lines. The memory he tells us isnt something I would find special as it is about peeling potatoes with his mother. However, as you read it you realise he finds special the fact they were working together, and even though not a word is said you can tell he believes he and his mother bonded more in that one simple task than they had ever done. Throughout the poem there is a linking of sound with the last word of the first line and the last word on the second line. It becomes more accurate in the sestet. In the first two lines of the octave the events of Heaneys memory are established; we learn that the rest of his family were away at mass and that he was all hers as they peeled potatoes. The alliteration here could have been used to draw attention onto what he and his mother were doing. The words all hers give us a good idea of how he felt about the situation; that he was delighted to be alone with his mother. On the third line we learn that he and his mother werent speaking (as the falling of the potatoes broke the silence). One by one could be there to emphasise how the chore is repetitive. The fourth line seems out of place and could of simply been added so weeping was there which could been a link to the sestet. Alliteration is used again here on cold comforts. This I believe means that he and his mother had some comfort in that each one of them were doing the same cold task. The end of line five gives us another insight into how he felt about this chore; he was sharing the memories with his mother. Describing the splashes as pleasant in the sixth line could be Heaneys way of putting his mood and feelings into the poem. The ending of the octave could mean that as the work went on, they became more aware of each other. In the sestet the poem leaps forward many years to the bedside of his dying mother. .u56658df68932c80c6a66c0a53683015c , .u56658df68932c80c6a66c0a53683015c .postImageUrl , .u56658df68932c80c6a66c0a53683015c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u56658df68932c80c6a66c0a53683015c , .u56658df68932c80c6a66c0a53683015c:hover , .u56658df68932c80c6a66c0a53683015c:visited , .u56658df68932c80c6a66c0a53683015c:active { border:0!important; } .u56658df68932c80c6a66c0a53683015c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u56658df68932c80c6a66c0a53683015c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u56658df68932c80c6a66c0a53683015c:active , .u56658df68932c80c6a66c0a53683015c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u56658df68932c80c6a66c0a53683015c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u56658df68932c80c6a66c0a53683015c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u56658df68932c80c6a66c0a53683015c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u56658df68932c80c6a66c0a53683015c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u56658df68932c80c6a66c0a53683015c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u56658df68932c80c6a66c0a53683015c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u56658df68932c80c6a66c0a53683015c .u56658df68932c80c6a66c0a53683015c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u56658df68932c80c6a66c0a53683015c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The terms postmodern and hypermodern EssayIn the first two lines describing the priest as going hammer and tongs tells us possibly he was slightly annoyed that the priest wasnt putting more care into the prayers and that the priest maybe had no emotional attachment to his mother. The fact he mentions the Priest could possibly be a link to the octave and the fact he and his mother only had that time together because the rest of his family was at Mass listening to a priest. The eleventh to thirteenth lines tell us that he neither responded to the priest nor cried instead he recalled the memory he wrote about in the octave. The last line; never closer the whole rest of our lives makes it clear to us that he never felt more close to his mother than he had while peeling the potatoes with her all those years ago. I found this poem quite moving in a sense it is a grown man writing down the memory in which he was the most intimate with his mother, the parent many of us are the most closest to. I also think he was quite brave to publish this poem as the memory is quite personal to him, Robert Hayden was an African American poet who grew up in a Detroit ghetto which must be where the memories from his poem came from. The strange thing is Hayden didnt live with his family but instead a foster family who lived next door. He finished school in 1932 and got into Detroit City College through a scholarship. He enrolled for an English Literature masters in 1941 and graduated in 1942. He went on to teach until 1969. Those Winter Sundays is quite a depressing poem. It tells us of Haydens father who self sacrificed his day off and went through pain to get up early and light the fire for his family, yet he was never thanked for it. It goes onto tell us hed wake his family only when the rooms were warm. Hayden does mention once a reason as to possibly why he never thanked him in the line fearing the chronic angers. So it could possibly be he never thanked his father and spoke indifferently to him as he was scared of being shouted at or worse. Whats worse is how the poem ends, with Hayden realising his father showed the love for him through getting up early and polishing his shoes for him, but now it is too late to thank him. Also even though it doesnt exactly keep to all the traditional rules of a sonnet e. g. having an octave and a sestet, but it is one as it is fourteen lines long and tries to keep each line ten syllables long. The first two lines of Those Winter Sundays simply set the scene. That his father got up early every day including Sundays and got ready to face the blueblack cold. This adjective is there to describe the darkness of the morning. The third and forth lines of the poem tells us that he had a manual labour job during the week that was out side as the weather cracked his hands. Cracked and ached have a rhyme to them that could be there to stress the pain his father was in. The last line tells us what his father was getting up for; to make banked fires blaze. Alliteration is used here to make the task his father done stand out. He got up early to make the house warm for his family. The ending of the first stanza has a shock to it; no one ever thanked him even though throughout it Hayden has been writing of the trouble his father went to. In the next stanza, he focuses on that Sunday, and how he awoke to hear the fire that was part of his fathers routine mentioned in the first stanza. The first line of the second stanza seems to have two meanings, when he awake hed hear the fire, but as well as that the cold was being destroyed by the fire; as you cant hear the cold splintering, breaking. .u75829e91ac90c97812fa03b5674b0ae2 , .u75829e91ac90c97812fa03b5674b0ae2 .postImageUrl , .u75829e91ac90c97812fa03b5674b0ae2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u75829e91ac90c97812fa03b5674b0ae2 , .u75829e91ac90c97812fa03b5674b0ae2:hover , .u75829e91ac90c97812fa03b5674b0ae2:visited , .u75829e91ac90c97812fa03b5674b0ae2:active { border:0!important; } .u75829e91ac90c97812fa03b5674b0ae2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u75829e91ac90c97812fa03b5674b0ae2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u75829e91ac90c97812fa03b5674b0ae2:active , .u75829e91ac90c97812fa03b5674b0ae2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u75829e91ac90c97812fa03b5674b0ae2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u75829e91ac90c97812fa03b5674b0ae2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u75829e91ac90c97812fa03b5674b0ae2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u75829e91ac90c97812fa03b5674b0ae2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u75829e91ac90c97812fa03b5674b0ae2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u75829e91ac90c97812fa03b5674b0ae2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u75829e91ac90c97812fa03b5674b0ae2 .u75829e91ac90c97812fa03b5674b0ae2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u75829e91ac90c97812fa03b5674b0ae2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Order to explore the poets EssayWhen the rooms were warm hed call; this line hints at the care his father had for Hayden and his family, only waking them to a warm house. The last two lines of the stanza have yet another surprise ending but may explain the ending of the first stanza. The ending here could explain why he lived with a foster family later on, that anger in the house is as part of the routine as the fire itself. The chronic angers mentioned here are not built on, so we dont know what has been happening. The beginning of the third stanza seems to point at the father as being the cause of the chronic angers as Hayden spoke indifferently to him even though we have learnt of the trouble his father has gone to for him and his family. Through out the poem there is a sense of the house slowly heating, from the fire being light to the cold splintering breaking. That ends on the tenth line; the man who had driven out the cold. We then go onto hear about extra trouble his father had gone to for him; in the line and polished my good shoes as well. The final two lines there is a feeling of regret on Haydens part. What did I know, what did I know of loves austere and lonely offices? This rhetorical question seems like Hayden is pleading he knew of how love doesnt have to be expressed as emotionally as it often is. It was only now that when he was older and his father was dead that he realised that his father didnt have to go to the trouble of lighting the fire and polishing his shoes, these acts were out of love for his son and family. Before this assignment I have never had to look at poems in such a detailed manner before and I have only realised now at how much work is put into poems and that many have hidden meanings and allegories in them. Of the two poems I have looked at my favourite has to be When all the Others by Seamus Heaney as it is more uplifting while Those Winter Sundays as Robert Hayden ends his poem with regret and remorse. I also prefer the poem by Heaney simply for the story it tells. Although I found both poems moving for the different messages each one contained. Both poems however make me realise that the time I have with my parents is special and when I can, I should make the most of it.